Undirected songs are therefore usually recorded in less noisy conditions but directed songs could be contaminated by several noise sources such as female vocalizations and wing flapping and easily interrupted or terminated by female's behavior. Directed songs (DS) are emitted in a courtship context ( Morris, 1954) while undirected songs (US) are sung by himself ( Immelman, 1969). Zebra finches and Bengalese finches both have two types of songs that are used in different behavioral contexts ( Sossinka and Böhner, 1980). Song behavior of estrildid finches such as zebra finches and Bengalese finches has been subject to various ethological and neuroethological investigations ( Immelman, 1969 Brenowitz, et al., 1997). This technique, combined with modern image processing techniques, should be useful for neuroethological studies of bird behavior. TFT monitors should be better substitute of real objects than CRT monitors in behavioral investigations. The reason why TFT monitor is much more powerful than CRT monitor in eliciting natural behavior from these birds may lie in the fact that TFT monitor is flickerless while CRT monitor might produce some flickers to the eye of birds that has high critical flicker frequency. The amount of directed singing emitted towards the TFT projected images were comparable to that emitted to the live female birds in both species of birds. However, when a thin film transistor (TFT) liquid crystal display was used, several behavioral responses, mostly sexual displays, to the images were observed. When a conventional cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor was used, birds showed few signs of behavioral responses. ![]() domestica) emit natural behavior of directed singing to video images of conspecific females. Here we tested whether male zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata castanotis) and male Bengalese finches ( Lonchura striata var. If we can substitute a real animal with an artificial model, that should greatly advance the research. ![]() In behavioral investigations examining mechanisms and functions of inter- and intra specific communications, whether one can manipulate stimulus properties is a critical factor.
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